Valuation of GlaxoSmithKline plc - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1572 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? As of our monthly review, we enclosed in our report based on our analysis of last report of 2009 with more details about our last valuation of our company GSK for making decision for investor purposes. In order to make a clear decision about what stocks to buy or to sell, investors need to know the value of those shares to make sure of the real value of it. In fact, there are many methods which we can use to evaluate the value (Vo) of the share of any public company and compared it to the price in the market (Po) the market and then see if it is over valuated (sell) or under valuated (buy) . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Valuation of GlaxoSmithKline plc" essay for you Create order For, the GSK shares valuation, we used five options available to do so: Discounted Dividend Model (DDC), Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF), Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE), Residual Income Approach (RI) and Economic Value Added (EVA). A brief introduction about GSK, will be discussed further with calculation details through the appendix related to them and also an analysis of the performance, cash flow and position of GSK. The company was very performing during the last 3 years and the share of GSK under five option of calculation was underpriced in the market which a good opportunity to buy in the market. While calculating the share price by DDM, the value of company is coming to be  £17.02 compared to price in the market which was  £ 11.485 (FTSE100) on 07/05/2010. GSK share is underpriced and as an investor we should buy instead of selling. The use of FCFF, the company is positive cash flow which means it is able to generate cash flow from its mean activity and i s a good reason for investor to buy. In 2009 the firm generated a positive cash flow as  £13361.6327 million compared to ( £16538.07 in 2008 and  £11203.47 in 2007) and based on the model, we expect  £14431.90 million for next year 2010. While using the FCFE, the value of the share was  £71.76 compared to  £11.485 in the market. Again, the share is underpriced in the market, and a good opportunity for investors to buy. On one hand, by using the RI, to compute the value, we found,  £16.47 compared to  £11.485 in the market. The GSK share is again under valuated in the market and should buy instead of selling it. On the other hand, the method of EVA, gives a value of  £4279.53 million as an add value to shareholders after paying whole debtors and investors. It is an economic profit of  £1389.47 million which means that the company is creating the wealth for investors and maximising their profit. It is a good opportunity for investor to buy GSK shares . We recommend that the company can buy back some of the outstanding shares, in the market with the positive cash flow if not used, and maximise the EPS (earning per share) in the mean time, reduce the cost of capital and improve its ratios like gearing and leverage. Or, current investors, can keep their shares and buy more shares, and hope in future to realize a good value while selling them, but it will decrease the EPS because of dilution effect. The company also can interest new investors because of under pricing shares in the market and wait for potential future gain on sales by improving more the management of the company, The company can make some synergies (horizontal or vertical) with others by paying them by issuing new shares at market price, which means a purchase at low cost and become leader in the market. XYZ, Introduction Before making an advance step into this, we will first put a light in the background of company. GSK is a public limited company and is the second largest pharmaceutical company in the world after Pfizer. It is basically a British based research and pharmaceutical company and its global headquarters of GSK House are in Brent ford, London, UK, while U.S GSK plc is listed on both London and New York stock exchanges. It was incorporated on 6th December 1999 under English law. On December, 2000 the company acquired Glaxo Wellcome plc and SmithKline Beecham plc by the scheme of merger of two companies. The major markets for the companys products are the USA, France, Japan, UK, Italy, Germany and Spain. Analysis of performance, profitability and financing of GSK_ Appendix VI As far as the performance of our company GSK, we can say that it has done a very good progress during the last 3 years even the market conditions and the crisis of 2008. If we look at the Return on Equity ROE compared to the market  [1]  , GSK realized a very important progress last years as of 2009, it was 59.49% (51.70% in 2008 and 54.30% in 2007), with slight decrease from 2007 to 2008 because of raising new debt and increase the financing cost of about 50% (843 in 2008 compared to 453 in 2007) . GSK, made in 2009, sales of  £28368 million ( £24352 million in 2008 and  £22716 million in 2007) and decrease from year to year. The company distributed each year dividend to shareholders respecting its commitment to them. The whole ratio as current and quick ratio are very good and more than the market. Here after, we will give a summary of the evaluation of the company described above, and the more detail calculation will be in the appendix indicated below. Valuation of GSK 1_Dividend Discount Model (DDM)_Appendix I GSK is operating in a very volatile industry and its dividend is not constant during time, so we choose a period as long as we can to better have a rate growth for our calculation (9 years). Using Gordon Model described below and by looking at Appendix I for more details, The value of the GSK share was  £17.02 far bigger than the market value which was on 7th of May 2010 date of our valuation, only  £11.485 in London Stock Exchange (LSE) which means that the company is under valuated in the market and it is time to buy shares instead of selling them. As investor, we recommend to buy as it was about 50% less than what it worth as a real value Vo ((17.02-11.485/11.485)*100= 48.19%). 2-Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) _Appendix II This is a measurement  [2]  of a companys profitability after all expenses and reinvestments. Its one of the many benchmarks used to compare and analyze financial wealth. A positive value would indicate that the firm has cash left after expenses.  A negative value, on the other hand, would indicate that the firm has not generated enough revenue to cover its costs and investment activities. In that instance, an investor should dig deeper to assess why this is happening it could be a sign that the company may have some deeper  problems. FCFF = Net Income + Depreciation + Interest (1 Tax rate) Inv (FC) Inv(WC) Or FCFF = EBIT (1-Tax rate) + depreciation Cap. Expend. change in working capital change in other assets As of 2009, the firm generated a positive cash flow as  £13361.6327 million compared to ( £16538.07 in 2008 and  £11203.47 in 2007) even if that period covered the crisis of 2008 which hit all the market regardless of the type of activities. The company was solvent which means that it was able to generate enough surpluses after respecting all engagements from its mean activity. Based on our growth rate (g=8.01%), we expect that the company will be able to generate  £14431.90 million in 2010, which is a good motivation for potential investors. 3-Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) _Appendix III This  [3]  is a measure of how much cash can be paid to the  equity shareholders of the  company after all expenses, reinvestment and debt repayment Is the cash flow available to the firms common equity holders after all operating expenses, interest and principal payments have been paid, and necessary investments in working and fixed capital have been made. FCFE is the cash flow from operations minus capital expenditures minus payments to (and plus receipts from) debt holders. FCFE = Net Income Net Capital Expenditure Change in Net Working Capital + New Debt Debt Repayment FCFEo 13,361.63 Kao(r) 11.88% G 8.01% Equity Value 372,889.49 nb moyen dactions 5,196.15 Vo  £71.76 Po  £1,148.50 the market value on 7th of May 2010 in FTSE100 4-Residual Income approach (RI) _Appendix IV Bo is the current book value of equity, Bt is the book value of equity at time t, RIt is the residual income in future periods, r is the required rate of return on equity, Et = net income during period t, RIt = Et rBt-1. After calculation (Appendix IV) =  £16.47 Po=  £1.148,5 on 7th, May 2010 FTSE100 5-Economic Value Added (EVA) _Appendix V Economic Value Added  [4]  , a measure of the superiority of the return a company is able to realize on invested capital above the baseline return expected by the investment community. The formula is EVA    =    NOPAT (C x Kc ) Where C is the amount of capital a company plans to invest in a project, and Kc is the cost of capital, i.e. the return rate expected by investors. Positive EVA means the project will add value for shareholders; negative EVA means they would be better off if management just gave them the money as a dividend. EVA is analogous to earnings; but where earnings expenses debt financing only, the C  x  Kc term in EVA is expensing the cost of all capital, equity as well as debt Our company is generating a positive value of EVA, which means there is a creation of an add value for shareholders and will be more interesting to buy instead of selling shares. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² = 0.5057143643 ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² adjusted=1/3 + 2/3 * ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² adjusted= 0.670476243 Kao = Rf+ ( Rm- Rf ) * ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² adjust Kao = 11.88%

Should Aids Victims Be Ostracized - 1578 Words

Should Aids Victims Be Ostracized I strongly disagree with the moot. AIDS, or the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has been one of the most threatening diseases of the 20th century. Ever since it has been discovered in 1981, it has been constantly infecting men, women, adults, newly born children, homosexuals and heterosexuals. In definition AIDS is an extremely serious disorder that results from severe damage to the body s defense against disease. Even though AIDS was born in an era of sophisticated medical and surgical developments, it still remains incurable. The ways through which the HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, can be transmitted are: blood transfusion, contaminated needles used in drug addiction, from an infected husband†¦show more content†¦As soon as she found out about her condition, she was divorced and forced to leave her work. It s difficult being a women with AIDS, she says, we don t have networking. We are ostracized and isolated ( AIDS the next ten years 27). Andrea Walton was oblige d to uphold social isolation in addition to her physical pain. It is not her only, for she is one of many examples of the constant discrimination suffered by the AIDS patients. Another example was a reported incident concerning infected children in New York, where some people set fire to a foster home dedicated to unfortunate infants with AIDS (Gostin 81). It is obvious that shame and discrimination are the two feelings that HIV patients unwillingly will have to face within their society. As Andrew Baket stated in the film Philadelphia, AIDS enforces on its victims social death which proceeds the actual physical death. These inhumane social attitudes are always justified as normal attitudes towards a fatal disease, especially when not enough when not enough is known about this disease or its method of transmission among the public. 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Alchemist Doubt and Perfect Disciple Free Essays

Fatima Meeting Santiago- When I first met Santiago, there was something about him. I could not explain it then, and I doubt I ever will be able to. His eyes entrapped me, and he looked so gentle and sincere I could not help but smile! The way he looked at me was unlike anything else, it was almost as if he looked into my soul. We will write a custom essay sample on Alchemist: Doubt and Perfect Disciple or any similar topic only for you Order Now We understood what the other was thinking without speaking any words. It was what the strange old man, the Alchemist was always talking about, the language of the world. Santiago Professing His Love- When he told me, I was shocked. So shocked I dropped the water vessel I was carrying. Stupidly, I thought how angry mother would be when she found out I got dirt on our water vase. Even though I knew I loved him from the first day we met, how could he be brave enough to say it aloud? This strange boy who believed in alchemy and Rim and Thumb, and who told me he loved me out of the blue, was everything I had been waiting for. I knew he had to find his treasure, and so I told him I would wait for him, with hope and love. The Day He Left- The day Santiago left, was possibly the saddest day of my life. While I had told him I would look with hope, and that was true, I also looked with longing and desire. I missed him terribly, and it tortured me not knowing whether he missed me too. I put on a brave face for him, but inside I was reeling from the realization he may not come back. It was awful, and so I did not even bid him farewell on the day of his departure. I was worried I would drop the mask of bravery and independence and beg him to stay, and even worse he probably would. The Day He Returned- The day Santiago returned is one of the happiest days of my life. I looked to the desert as per usual, but I did not really expect him to be there. A few caravans had passed through before, but each one more disappointing than the last, because none of them came with Santiago. I was beginning to lose hope, and doubting if he would even come back at all. Perhaps he had not found his treasure, or met a girl who had more to offer than me, a poor desert flower. The thought that tortured me the most, kept me from sleep, and made me pray even more than ever, was the possibility he had been caught in the middle of the tribal wars and died. But the day he returned I cried out with Joy, and ran into his welcoming arms. We were both finally at peace. The Alchemist My first impression of Santiago was bravery. He was young, but age is Just a number after all. So, when he read the sign of the hawks I thought maybe he could accompany me to the desert tomorrow. There, his training would begin. He could be the perfect disciple, after all. Santiago Finding Life in the Desert- Perhaps I was wrong. Finding life is usually one of the easiest tests I have in store for my students. Oh well, people are all different. Maybe he will fail the easy tests, but ace the difficult ones. If that even makes sense. The boy is different though. He seems to understand things that others are so blind to. As with the hawks, he can see what others cannot. Patience will have to be a virtue for me here. He said he does not even want to leave the oasis. I have never felt love for a woman, but I doubted it could be so strong you do not want to discover your Personal Legend Just so you are close to your significant other. This boy is definitely different from my other students, UT the perfect disciple? We shall see. Santiago Turning to Wind- I laughed. I laughed and laughed and laughed. Inside of course, I could not let the tribesmen know how overjoyed I was. You see, we alchemists have a reputation for being cool and calculating. But Oh how my heart soared! The perfect disciple, at last. He understood the Soul of the World! I was amazed and so proud. What a wonderful experience, listening in on their conversation. The desert and I are good friends, but when the Father himself Joined in it was absolutely delightful. Finally, the perfect disciple. Santiago Reaction to Turning Lead to Gold- His expression was quite amusing. I think he doubted I could actually do it. Of course, I could turn myself into the wind, but I could not make gold. He asked if he could do that, but unfortunately for him, that is my Personal Legend. He understood, and I could see the excitement, the fireworks Just waiting to go off when I spoke of Personal Legends. I knew he was waiting for the Pyramids, so it was time for me to say goodbye to the one perfect disciple. What a sad day it was. How to cite Alchemist: Doubt and Perfect Disciple, Papers

Capital Maintenance and Solvency Requirements

Question: Discuss about the Capital Maintenance and Solvency Requirements. Answer: Introduction: Maintenance of capital doctrine is a compilation of legal rules. These rules ensure that a company gets hold the capital, which is purported to rise the security of investors. According to these doctrines, this capital is maintained in subject to requirements of the business for the protection and benefits of companys creditors. The general principles related to doctrine of capital maintenance were developedby courts.These doctrines have originated to protect the interest of creditors and to ensure the legitimate debauchery of assets of a company. However, the doctrine of capital maintenance has been developed through a series of different judicial analysis of company cases in England. In this way, the case of Jessel, indirectly stated two different aspects of doctrine of capital maintenance firstly, the creditors have the authority to observe that the capital is not dissipating unlawfully and secondly, the member must not have the capital returned to them surreptitiously. The different company case laws have been the basis of these doctrines of capital maintenance but UK has customized these doctrines into a relaxed way due to the inevitability of the modern business demand in various aspects. These doctrines of capital maintenance were first developed in United Kingdom in 19th century.In 1980, the rules governing the doctrine of capital maintenance were reformed and replaced in UK through a statutory procedure. According to these reforms, shares can either be classed as bought back or as redeemable under the companies Act 2006 sections 684-723. Further, in Australia buyback of share are allowed under sections 257A-257J of the Corporation Act 2001. These doctrines of capital maintenance were developed due to the restricted liability of shareholders in concern of flow of capital in a business. Therefore, the main objectives of these doctrines are established to prevent fraudulence and to ensure the liabilities of the shareholders in a business. Furthermore, the doctrines of capital maintenance are attempted to compromise the interest of creditors with complete satisfaction of their claims and managerial freedom in corporations.In addition, for the purpose of creditors protection the doctrines restrict payment out capital to the shareholders in different ways which are discussed as below: The dividend in a business can only paid out of distributable profits. For the reduction of capital court approval is generally required. Buy back of own shares from a company may generally made out through distributable profits or may be proceed by a new issue of shares. The financial assistance of an individuals shares by a company is generally prohibited and saves in certain exceptions. The doctrine of capital maintenance is still a part of Australian Corporation law because both of these are related with the concept of shares and provides protection to the shareholders of the company. According to corporation law, a company is liable to pay the dividend to its shareholder in proportion of the amount of shares and the shareholders have authority to see the financial flow in the company. As well as, the doctrine of capital maintenance also provides protection to the shareholders from fraudulence and makes clear rules for the distribution of dividends to the shareholders. References: Dequest, J. (2013) Capital Maintenance and Solvency Requirements. [Online]. Available at: https://www.deguest.asia/en/blog/item/53-capital-maintenance-and-solvency-requirements (Accessed: 18 January 2016). Federal Register of legislation (2013) Corporation Act 2001. [Online]. Available: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00003 (Accessed: 18 January 2017). Hannigan, B. (2012) The doctrine of capital maintenance. [Online]. Available at: https://www.oxfordlawtrove.com/view/10.1093/he/9780199608027.001.0001/he-9780199608027-chapter-20 (Accessed: 18 January 2017). Islam, S. (2013) The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis, The Northern University Journal of Law, 4, pp. 47-55.

Nisa The Life And Words Of Kung Woman By Marjorie Shostak Essays

Nisa The Life And Words Of Kung Woman By Marjorie Shostak In this paper I am going to discuss the book Nisa The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman, by Marjorie Shostak. In doing this I will describe the culture of the !Kung people, a small hunter-gatherer tribe in Africa. Then I will go on with telling about their sociocultural systems that I have read about in this book. To rap things up I will tell my prediction where the !Kung population is headed into the future. I will use explanations from the book to help me describe my prediction. !Kung culture is a very simple culture. The norms in this society are hard to define; norms are shared rules that define how people are supposed to behave under certain circumstances. Take marriage for example In the book Nisa explains how a women can marry more than once in her lifetime, a !Kung girl is actually married several times before she stays with one man. These appeared to me as trial marriages, the women are too young to want the marriage and usually are the ones to end it. Even after long marriage involving children things such as death and divorce/ separation occur and a woman finds a new husband. So as you can see the norms in the !Kung culture are much different than that of our own norms. Even when marriage is involved the idea of having lovers was not shunned. Although some women do not engage in this act, it is a very common thing among the !Kung. The norm here is to have a lover to keep that young playful and loving attraction alive with someone, even after things have began to settle with your husband. Nisa explains, ?Even my mother had lovers. I'd be with her when she met them. But my father, if he had them, I didn't know She recalls many situations like this, as do most !Kung children. ?I remember, when I was still small, seeing my mother with one man. He met her, took her, and made love to her. I sat nearby and waited. When she came back carrying firewood, I thought, ?I am going to tell!? Then I thought, ?Should I tell Daddy or shouldn't I But when we arrived back at the village, I didn't say anything. I thought if I told, my father would kill my mother.? Most children fear their father's beatings, therefore, will not tell on their mothers. Values, standards by which a society defines what is desirable and undesirable, in !Kung society mainly involve things dealing with sex. The sex they value is not the same sex that our society views it. It is not about looks or big breasts or broad shoulders. They place no value on looks, although Nisa does comment on good-looking people, there is no comments made directly towards ugly people. They do not emphasize on people's bad looks; therefore, they do not have to feel self conscious of their looks. When derogatory comments are made it's about peoples genitals. Once when she was too young to have sex she would decline sex play by saying, ?You, Tuma, you've got an enormous penis! I don't want to be with someone like that!? He said, ? We're going to play and have sex with Big-Vagina over there.? He meant me.? They used this as a way of insulting each other. When it comes to sex having big genitals is a bad thing, therefore, the values in the society are much different from our own. The socialization/ enculturation process of a new !Kung child starts at day one. Enculturation is the process of social interaction through which people learn their culture. When the mother is feeling well enough after the birth, which is usually a few days or as soon as the milk comes in, the baby will go gathering with the mother. That there involves a large part of the culture of everyday life. Although not much is expected of the !Kung children their curiosity makes up for it. Children are willing and eager to learn to hunt and gather, as do the adults. Young males are able to learn about hunting

Catcher in the Rye-most banned book and why essays

Catcher in the Rye-most banned book and why essays The Catcher in the Rye is one of the most frequently banned books in America today for many reasons, including its language, sexual reference, Characters (their actions and descriptions), and Violence. The language J.D. Salinger uses in The Catcher in the Rye is very offensive as well as racist and rude. In the book, Holden manages to put down women, Catholics and Gays, by only being himself. This can be expressed very well in the first paragraph of the book: IF YOU REALLY want to hear about it, the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth. In the first place, that stuff bores me, and in the second place, my parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything pretty personal about them. This paragraph alone shows that Holden has a seriously bad vocabulary that continues throughout the entire book. Later on, he also manages to take the Lords name in vein, more than once, which is one too many, and put down anyone he doesnt like. J.D. Salingers style and language was a large problem in the 1950s and still remains a problem today. Prostitutes, pimps, and the constant referral to breasts seems to be very insulting as well as disgusting and not thought out in the least. In numerous chapters Holden is always thinking about or describing or talking about the female anatomy. Many women find this very offensive and rude. The hiring of a prostitute does not make the situation any better. Although he only talks to her, the actions and thoughts are very sexual, even still in todays culture. Many of these sexual phrases and content are not even necessary to give a good description of Holden, for example; when Holde...

Factors Impacting Spouse of a Chronically Ill Patient Essay

Factors Impacting Spouse of a Chronically Ill Patient - Essay Example For instance, a spouse might be compelled to set aside personal needs or reorganize private lives in preparation for the unpredictability of the condition of the patient (Kapteinm, et al., 2007). Such unexpected occurrences, as claimed by most spouses of the chronically ill patient may hinder individual achievements and create relationship changes. In support of the change in relationship argument, theory asserts that relationship changes emanate from the increased thoughts about the future on the part of the healthy spouse (Rees, et al., 2001). Most of the healthy spouses, if not encouraged by the ill partner to be free, end up suffering psychologically due to increased stress stemming from the worry of the pain experienced by the sick partner. Further research indicates that most ill partners tend to suffer as they try to cope with their new lifestyles. For instance, a blog shows the quality of chronically ill patients suffers in a myriad of ways (sickmomma, 2013). They have to deal with fear, malaise, and apathy. All these stated aspects have negating impacts on their sexuality and social perception. They often feel powerless due to the pity and constant attention they receive from the public, an aspect that tends to worsen the agony of the pain. In concurrence with these sentiments, Kaptein et al., (2007) claim that the lack of information on the public on how to treat terminally ill patients is a significant challenge. They argue that since their spouses and public perceives them with pity, the chronically ill patients end up viewing themselves as powerless in the society. In conclusion, chronically ill patients though suffer from the ailment; it is evident that their suffering spreads to their healthy spouses. The sudden change in lifestyle leads to unexpected shifts in the relationship as both partners try to adjust to the new developments. Kaptein, A. A., Scharloo, M., Helder, D. I., Snoei, L., van Kempen, G. M., , J., . . . C. (2007).

The 10 Key Operational Areas At dominoes Research Paper

The 10 Key Operational Areas At dominoes - Research Paper Example All their food and services are of quality by the fact that their employees are regularly trained to offer best services (Bized, 2010). Based of the findings, it should be noted that the senior managing director of Dominos pizza in Saudi Arabia was out of reach during the interview. However, I would like to acknowledge the assistance offered to us by the team members and some of the top managers of the company who allowed us to interview them. Finally, my warm gratitude’s is to you for allowing me to explore much by researching Dominos pizza company and familiarizing myself with exceptional business strategies the company used to grow. This has enhanced my research skills that will be much valuable in other future projects. Domino’s Pizza Company of Saudi Arabia was initially founded in the year 1960 as part of the international Domino pizza group (Bized, 2010). This company is also known to be the world leader in pizza deliveries and the company operates a network of company-owned and Franchise-owned stores in Saudi Arabia (Bized, 2010). In the larger Saudi Arabia, it is absolutely sure that Domino is the most trusted and widely know leading pizza delivery. This is because; the company main objective is to ensure they are perfectly dedicated to the best services, quality production and excellent deliveries (Bized, 2010). The company is flowing on a chain of success having being built by quality services which is customer centered and effective deliveries services they offer. Notable to mention is the fact that over 1000000 people globally enjoy Domino’s pizza on daily basis by the virtue that the company holds over 10000 stores in more than 60 countries on earth (Bized, 2010). This means that the company is well established and their brand is also perfectly recognized internationally. The driving power of Domino’s Pizza Company based in Saudi Arabia is the dedication and single minded focus towards producing the best

Investment Bank Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment Bank Analysis - Research Paper Example The job prospective in Vancouver is not at all impressive. Total 12, 530 people are working as business professional in Vancouver. 33% of total business graduated employees in Vancouver have managed career related employment. Major of the business graduates in Vancouver are getting employment either in government sector or in public limited firms. As per the interest in equity research analysis; the average salary for equity research associate in Vancouver is $75,000 per annum. (b)Regulation The main advantage of being a part of a union is a student can be represented locally and nationally. Many students who stay away from home for the purpose of higher studies, the member of union can help them in every major and minor incident. Moreover being a part of union a student can achieve social affiliation by the other members. Last but not the least the union can actually help the graduates to place the members in various companies. Salary information of other employees should not be disclose to the prospective employees who has newly appointed in organizations as it is the personal matter of individuals and confidential matter of organization. Job protection legislation is required to exist in the firm in the competitive business market. The professional association may look after the basic employment needs according to the business priorities. They have to look after the promotions of employees according to the performance. Moreover the employees should be informed of the job roles and performance expectations. These monitoring activities will protect the employment right in organizations.

Supporting It Infrastructure In Cimb Bank Information Technology Essay

Supporting It Infrastructure In Cimb Bank Information Technology Essay The Strategic Role of Information Systems and Supporting IT Infrastructure in CIMB Bank Berhad on the future direction to implementation of cloud computing in your organisation. The main purpose of this report is to add detail to the findings and recommendations of cloud computing which was being analysed in all aspects. We hope that our recommendations will be helpful as you consider the implementation of cloud computing to your organisation which would be cost savings whereby no additional infrastructure will be used and cloud computing also helps to save the environment by contributing to green computing. We look forward to discussing this report with you. Thank you. Yours sincerely TJ Consultant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources, not a new technology.  [1]   The CIMB Bank Cloud Computing Strategic Direction Paper describes the whole of MSF Sales Force policy position on cloud computing. The strategy will states that the MSF Sales Division can choose a cloud-based service if it show clearly and deliberately value for money, fitness for purpose and are adequately secure; provides guidance for MSF Sales Force on what cloud computing is; and some of the issues and benefits of cloud computing that MSF Sales Force need to be aware of. Our investigation focused on three areas such as IT infrastructure and related problems, business processes and Environmental issues. Result of our analysis has lead to several recommendations. The paper recognises that the public cloud is still undergoing a gradual change, particularly in areas such as security and privacy. These issues need to be adequately resolved before critical MSF Sales Division can be transitioned to the cloud. As a result, the paper outlines three streams of work: Stream One provides the sales division with guidance and documentation. Stream Two encourages sales division to adopt public cloud services for public facing unclassified government services and to undertake proof of concept studies to fully understand the risks of the cloud environment. Stream Three encourages a strategic approach to cloud. This work is dependent upon greater clarity around projects commissioned under the Data Centre Strategy. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page 1. Introduction 6 2. IT infrastructure and ecosystem 8 2.1 Data management storage 8 2.2 Consultant and System Integration 8 2.2 Network Telecommunication 8 2.4 Software Application 8 2.5 Operating System Platform 8 2.6 Computer/Hardware 8 2.7 Intranet Platform 8 2.8 Issues and Challenges 9 3. Cloud Computing and its business benefits and costs 10 3.1 10 3.2 10 3.3 10 3.4 10 3.5 10 3.6 11 3.7 11 3.8 11 4. Recommendations of Cloud Computing Adoption 13 4.1 Market demand for CIMB / MSF services 14 4.2 CIIMB / MSF Business Strategy 14 4.3 CIMB / MSF Information Technology (IT) strategy, infrastructure cost 14 4.4 Information Technology Assessment 14 4.5 Competitor firm services 14 4.6 Competitor firm IT infrastructure investments 14 4.7 14 4.8 14 4.9 14 5. Conclusions 14 5.1 Summary of key findings 14 5.2 Recommendations 14 5.3 Limitation of studies 15 LIST OF REFERENCES 16 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Journal 18 Appendix 2 Cost and Benefits 20 Appendix 3 21 Appendix 4 22 Appendix 5 23 1. INTRODUCTION CIMB Group is the leading Asean Universal banking franchise, offering full range of financial products and services covering consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, Islamic banking, assets management, wealth management, insurance and Takaful and private banking. However, we are writing report based on one of CIMB Bank sales division known as Mobile Sales Force. Mobile Sales Force or more known as MSF is the largest sales channel in CIMB Bank. Comprising more than 2,000 staffs, promoting and distributing CIMB Bank key products such as mortgage loan for private and corporate, personal loan for government sector, hire purchase and credit cards. MSF was established backed in 2006 with the vision to be the best-in-class sales organization with a passion for exceeding expectation. Prior approval and consent from MSF head of department had been obtained in conducting this research. CIMB Group Profile CIMB Group is ASEANs leading universal banking franchise. We offer a full range of financial products and services covering consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, Islamic banking, asset management, wealth management, insurance and takaful, and private banking. With over 37,000 employees, CIMB Group reaches 81% of the ASEAN population, representing 89% of the regions gross domestic product. Our retail network of over 1,000 branches is the widest in the region. Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, CIMB Groups main markets are Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Cambodia. Our presence in 13 countries covers ASEAN and major global financial centres, as well as countries in which our customers have significant business and investment dealings. In addition, we extend our reach and range of products and services through strategic partnerships. Our partners include the Principal Financial Group, Aviva plc, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Standard Bank plc, Daishin Securities and the Kanoo Group, among others. CIMB Group As the leading ASEAN universal banking franchise, CIMB Group offers a full range of financial products and services covering consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, Islamic banking, asset management, wealth management, insurance and takaful, and private banking. We operate our businesses on a dual banking leverage model, giving customers a choice of both conventional and Islamic financial solutions. Our main markets in which we offer full universal banking facilities are Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. We also have a presence in other countries where our customers have significant business and investment dealings. CIMB Bank Our Consumer Banking business offers a full range of conventional and Islamic financial products and services to meet the borrowing and financing, wealth management and transaction needs of our individual customers and businesses. Our spectrum of banking services include credit cards, mortgages, auto loans and financing, commercial banking services for Small Medium Enterprises and mid-sized corporate customers, insurance and takaful, investment and wealth management services. We have an extensive retail network across the region in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Cambodia that serves over 11 million customers. (http://www.cimb.com/index.php?ch=g2_aupg=g2_au_contenttpt=cimb_groupcat=profile) The rest of this report is as follows : Section 2 : IT Infrastructure and Ecosystem. Explained the IT infrastructure and Ecosystem of the organisation. Section 3 : Cloud computing and its business benefits. Provided cloud computing and its benefits and costs. Section 4 : Recommendation of cloud computing adoption/adaption. Recommended a suitable cloud that MSF could adopt. Section 5: Conclusions. Summarises the key points from the analysis and provided recommendation 2. IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECOSYSTEM CIMB IT infrastructure today consist of seven major components that must be coordinated to provide the division with a coherent IT infrastructure and the major vendors within each category INTERNET PLATFORMS Microsoft, Unix, IBM, Java DATA MANAGEMENT STORAGE IBM, DB2, Oracle, SQL Server, Sybase COMPUTER HARDWAREPLATFORMS Dell, HP IT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSULTANT SYSTEM INTEGRATOR IBM, EDS, Accenture ECOSYSTEM OPERATING SYSTEM PLATFORMS Microsoft Window NETWORKING TELECOM-MUNICATION Microsoft Window Server, Linux ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE PLATFORMS Oracle, Microsoft CIMB CORPORATE NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE: Issues and Challenges Securing Information System CIMB MSF are faced with challenges of data and information security. We need to have a more specific users security procedures guidelines. At the moment, CIMB MSF rely on CIMB Group rules for business conduct and Code of Ethics BNM GP7. As MSF is a firm providing financial services, MSF must comply with the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, better known as the Gramm-Leach Billey Act (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 337) However, in Malaysia all financial institutions is govern by central bank or more known as Bank Negara Malaysia. Malicious Software Malware (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 328) will be another hurdle for implementation of cloud computing as there is no IT department within MSF. All IT issues and problems will have to be refer to CIMB Group IT. This will cause time delaying as the problem cannot be solve in-house and need to wait for IT department action. MSF will have no control as to when CIMB Group IT will react to the reported problem. Absent of Transaction Processing Systems MSF did not have TPS a systems that keep track of the elementary activities of the organisation such as sales for all products such as personal and enterprise mortgages, personal loans and credit cards, customers information like age, annual income, employee, and credit decisions like common rejection reason and best customer profile. (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 75) Decision Support Systems (DCS) Executive Support Systems (ESS) Due to absent of transaction processing system (TPS) no proper management information systems (MIS) to enable DCS ESS. DCS is useful in providing support non-routine decision making for middle management and ESS for senior management (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 78 81) Database management Systems (DBMS) As MSF have multiple products, all data given will be in different formats and all users will have their own preferred format of reporting thus creating double work when each product user need to extract and reformat the data into meaningful information. (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 240) Establishing an information policy Although there are numerous CIMB Banking Acts like, Banking Financial Institute Act1989 (BAFIA) section 97 secrecy, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) GP7 confidentiality, CIMB Group Code of Ethics governing the information policy, it is still a good practise to draft information policy for MSF sales division. More specific guidelines, rules and penalties in controlling MSF information policy for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardising, classifying and inventorying information systems. (Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, pg 259) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is widely implemented strategy for managing a firm interactions with customers, clients and sales prospects. Most banks will have their own CRM. CRM is only possible if there is enough data captured which can be transfer into information and CRM uses the information formed by the data to enable the user better forecast the needs and wants of the customers. At this moment, CRM is not available in MSF. 3. CLOUD COMPUTING AND ITS BUSINESS BENEFITS AND COSTS National Institute Of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines Cloud computing as a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. The benefit of early adoption of cloud computing in Global 2000 enterprises enables organization on cost savings on maintaining its IT infrastructure. Therefore organization started to invest in cloud computing to take advantage on better infrastructure utilization by way of automation and charge back over virtualized infrastructure to help to improve its over-all utilization. 3.1 Type of Cloud Computing General there are 4 basic type of cloud computing and it is depend on organization on which type is suitable for its application delivery and business services. Type Description Private Cloud Cloud service that are merely for the use of the organization and provided by third party and it services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage-model. Community Cloud Cloud service that are share among several department in the organization and managed by third party or service provider Public Cloud Cloud service available to public use over the internet and managed by third party by offering free services or pay-per-usage model. Hybrid Cloud A environment in which organization provides and manages some of its resources in-house for storage of operational data and has others provided externally by third party. This advantages the organization of the scalability and cost effectives without exposing its important applications and data to the third-party vulnerabilities. 3.2 Cloud Services and Capability The CIMB MSF division can adopt three basic types of cloud services, defined by NSIT and it is also accepted by the business industry. Cloud Services Description Software as a Services Software applications like ERP, collaboration that runs on the service provider IT infrastructure and delivers to the organization through the internet by way renting the software applications Platform as a Service The user organization can access the hardware platform and operating system over the internet on a pay-per-use basis. Infrastructure as a Service It is cloud computing platform which allow user organization to storage, process and networking through the service provided IT infrastructure by way of on a pay-per-use model. 3.3 Benefits of Cloud Computing Reduced cost Cloud technology is paid incrementally, saving organizations money. The organization is able to plan the needed expenses more wisely. By cloud computing the cost is proportion to the requirement. Increased Storage Organizations can store more data than on private computer systems. Highly Automated No longer do IT personnel need to worry about keeping software up date and backup. Cloud computing will automatically do the update and backup the system giving the organization more time to do business than fixing the problems on its own. Flexibility Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past computing methods. More Mobility Employees can access information wherever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks from morning till evening which is tiring and sometimes a boring job. The cloud made the business go mobile. Allows IT to Shift Focus No longer having to worry about constant server updates and other computing issues, organizations will be free to concentrate on innovation and research and development. This help business and product growth in the long run. 3.4 Cost of Cloud Computing Today, many large firms are burden with redundant, incompatible hardware and software because departments and divisions have been allowed to order and purchase their own technology. This make the cost of owning technology assets are relatively high. The cloud concept is paying what you use and no minimum fee required. The users are paying either on a monthly subscription fees or per transaction basis which are composed of the following mandatory components:. Management Interface at $6.25 per month Platform creation cost Application template Release Low usage (one time fee) Average Usage (one time fee) Frequent Usage (one time fee) SAP ERP 6.0 Eh P4 $29 $179 $679 SAP Enterprise Portal 7.0 Eh P1 $19 $169 $669 SAP Solution Manager 7.0 Eh P1 $49 $199 $699 SAP Business Intelligence 7.0 (BI Cont 7.05) $39 $189 $689 SAP Ides CRM 7.0 $39 $189 $689 Computing infrastructure cost This cost will only be charged when you operate your platform. Operational support and the used computing infrastructure as cpu, memory, a static network address and network traffic are included. Configuration Set CPU Memory Low Usage (per hour) Average Usage (per hour) Frequent Usage (per hour) 1-5 users 4 core 8 GB $1.99 $1.68 $1.49 6-10 users 4 core 12 GB $2.68 $2.37 $2.18 11-15 users 4 core 16 GB $3.37 $3.06 $2.87 16-25 users 8 core 18 Gb $3.98 $3.67 $3.48 4. RECOMMENDATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING 1 Market Demand for Your Firms Customer Services, Supplier Services Enterprise Services 2 CIMB / MSF Business Stratefy 6 Competitor Firms IT Infratructure Investments CIMB / MSF IT Services Infrastructure 4 Information Technology 5 Competitor Firms IT services 3 CIMB / MSF IT Strategy, Infrastructure Cost 4.1 Market Demand for CIMB / MSF Services Transaction processing system (TPS) A system that store, modify and retrieve the transactions of MSF. However, all TPS must pass through atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, otherwise known as the ACID test. Decision support system (DSS) executive support system (ESS) DSS is a decision support system for middle level management and executive support system is for higher management. DSS and ESS not only provide better judgement, the system also enable what if analysis, which we can create several scenario to get the best desired result. Below is a diagram of DSS which consist of MIS. In order for a DSS or ESS to be created MSF must first have MIS, TPS and DBMS as all these systems are interrelated. An example of such software can be found at Vanguard Software corporation (www.vanguardsw.com) However, not all managerial roles are supportive using either DSS or ESS such as interpersonal role as a leader, decisional roles in a conflict between staff. Management information system (MIS) Report exceptional conditions, such as when the sales quota for a specific territory fall below an anticipated level or high staff turn-over for a certain department. MSF do not have MIS as report generated only upon request of individual. Database management system (DBMS)- is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance and the use of a database. DBMS will allow MSF conveniently develope databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs). A DBMS also provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data intergrity, managing concurrency control, recovering the database after failures and restoring it from backup files as well as maintaining database security. Opportunity in internet banking can be explore as there is no sales link or contact us link uploaded in CIMB Bank website, CIMB internet banking more known as CIMB Clicks does not provide any leads to MSF nor does it provide contact details of MSF. MSF should explore the business opportunity in internet banking by creating a website for MSF. There is also demand for detail breakdown of incentive paid to sales staff. At this moment, no detail breakdown of incentive paid even in CIMB intranet and extranet, Human Resource Information System HRIS https://hris.cimb.com 4.2 CIMB / MSF Business Strategy MSF five year vision is to be the best in class sales organisation with a passion for exceeding expectations. Best in class sales organisation means number one mobile sales force in Malaysia and in sales productivity among our region peers. In order to achieve this long term five years plan, MSF will need to improve it present information system and possibility of setting up its own IT department. 4.3 CIMB / MSF Information Technology (IT) Strategy, Infrastructure Cost MSF does not have an IT strategy but are using 400 desktops and 200 laptops. Giving an example of setting up a MSF office will easily cost more than MYR100,000. Below are the example of the breakdown costs: Hardware acquisition Each brand new desktop cost about MYR3,000. Software acquisition License software for Microsoft windows and office cost about MYR2,000 each desktop. Installation Installing an office of 5 desktop cost about MYR10,000. Training Training cost can be diversified as senior staff of MSF can train new recruits. Support Support cost had been diversified as all IT technical support are provided by CIMB IT department, GIOD. Maintenance Infrastructure Downtime Space and energy 4.4 Information Technology Assessment CIMB Group spent MYR108 million last year for IT which is the highest among all other banking peers. Despite the large number, CIMB MSF still using some computer unit with windows XP instead of window Vista or 7, Intel pentium4 processor instead of Intel core processor and monitor screen instead of liquid crystal display (LCD). Most of CIMB group IT spending is on developing of a new CRM known as 1 View. However, the 1 View CRM is not provided to MSF. 4.5 Competitor firm services Banks Special IT Features Availability in CIMB HSBC Bank Online application tracker No Online file upload services for credit card No Public Bank E-mall for online shopping within PB website No Maybank Green calculator for online banking environmental cost savings calculation No UOB Office locator for mobile team, providing contact person and office address No 4.6 Competitor firm IT infrastructure investments Competitor Banks 2010 IT Spending Comparison with CIMB Group IT spending Maybank Group 61,000,000 56% of CIMB Group IT spending RHB Bank Group 72,000,000 66% of CIMB Group IT spending Public Bank Group 41,000,000 38% of CIMB Group IT spending HSBC Bank Group 15,000,000 14% of CIMB Group IT spending UOB Bank Group 90,000,000 83% of CIMB Group IT spending * all data are based on individual banks 2010 annual report 5. CONCLUSIONS The following summarises the findings and recommendations as outlined below. 5.1 Summary of key findings The study leads to the conclusion that cloud computing has the potential to transform IT, not necessarily through its impact on an agencys core business systems, but through commoditizing routine services such as e-mail, web servers, and data storage. Cloud computing can also easily deliver services that are common across government, such as accounting, procurement, and collaboration tools. If CIOs can increase their reliance on commodity computing, they will then have more time and resources to focus on the strategic management of IT and provide leadership and value for their agencies. We hope that this timely and informative report will be useful to profes ­sionals and executives across government who are seeking innovative approaches in order to leverage the new technology of cloud computing in their effort to reform and improve ITprograms and the delivery of services to both government itself and to citizens. 5.2 Recommendations 5.3. Limitation of Studies LIST OF REFERENCES Department of Finance and Deregulation 2011,  Cloud computing strategic direction paper: opportunities and applicability for use by the Australian Government  , viewed 5 April 2011, and 22 May 2011 . Mell P Grance T 2011, The NIST definition of cloud computing (draft) , viewed 19 March 2011, . Wyld, DC 2009, Moving to the cloud: an introduction to cloud computing in government , viewed 19 March 2011, . Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, Management information systems: managing the digital firm, 11th edition. Cirrus cloud computing : Price list, viewed on 30 April 2011 CIMB Statement on Internal Control 2007 and Annual Report 2010 http://www.cimb.com/annual_reports/CIMB_Bank/2007/pdf/SOIC.pdf http://announcements.bursamalaysia.com/EDMS/subweb.nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/65487497790102fe482578640016d4a2/$FILE/CIMB-AnnualReport2010%20(3.2MB).pdf http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/search/query?start=0filter=1q=SAAS, IAAS PAAS, APPENDICES Appendix 1: Journal Appendix 2: Cost and Benefits Appendix 3: Cloud Computing Benefits Appendix 4: Problems With Data Centre Power Consumption Appendix 5 : Power Consumption For Each Computer Appendix 1: Journal (390 words) Thomas 24 March, 2011 Thursday: Conducted informal interview (9:30am) with Sim, Customer Service Engineer. Obtained basic information of MSF IT infratructure Thomas 03 April, 2011 Sunday: Visited report writing presentation by Adrian Stagg Lindy Kimmins (11:00pm) Thomas 03 April, 2011 Sunday: Seek permission from MSF Head (10:30pm), Mr. Daniel Cheong on selecting MSF Department for assignment 4 Thomas 04 April, Monday: Approval obtained by Mr. Daniel Cheong at 12:06am Thomas Janet 04 April, 2011 Monday: Both of us arranged to communicate through phone and email as we are from different parts of the country after office hours at 7.30pm. We discussed briefly on which of the organization intended to work on to our assignment report. In the end, after much discussion we decided to select either one of our company which we are currently employed for our assignment report after which we have discussed with our relevant IT department in our next meeting. Thomas Janet 04 April, 2011 Monday: We communicate again at 8.30pm. After much exchange informations of our survey on our IT department, we decided to select company, CIMB Bank Bhd as the organization to work on for our assignment report due to the good support from his company IT personnel. Next we discussed about the plan on how to complete our assignment through allocation of jobs. As we have selected my company to work on for our assignment report, Thomas 05 April, 2011 Tuesday: I log into CIMB Group website www.cimb.com/index.php?tpt=cimb_group and started my introduction part of my report (11:00am) Janet 06th April, 2011 Wednesday: I visited a few website : www.finance.gov.au/e-government/strategy-and-governance/cloud-computing.htm,    www.isaca.org/Knowledge-Center/Research/Documents/Cloud-Computing-28Oct09-Research.pdf  and www.startupbizhub.com/business-benefits-of-cloud-computing.htm which give me some information on opportunities of adoption by the Australia Government Thomas 08 April, 2011 Saturday: Sent email (8:30pm) to MSF Head personal assistance, requesting for MSF organisation chart, MSF IT infrastructure Eco system Janet 11 April, 2011 Monday: Visited the Australia Department of Finance and Deregulation 2011 again and started to complete the Executive Summary for our assignment. Thomas 16 April, 2011 Saturday: Visited USQ study desk for assignment 4 resources (9:00pm) http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=trueid=391393 Visited Wikipedia for pseudonym http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym (9:20pm) Reading assignment 4 mock up report (10:00pm) Reading CIMB Group Rules for Business Conduct (11:00pm) Janet 25 April, 2011 Monday: Compute the company IT Infrastructure Ecosystem diagram provided by Loudon Loudon 11e (page 203) and visited http://www.intek.net/a/images/netdesign.gif for fictitious diagram on corporate network infrastructure Janet 30 April, 2011 Saturday: Compute the cloud computing benefits and it cost Thomas 09 May, 2011 Monday: Checking and resizing fonts size for assignment paper (12:00pm) Browse CIMB Group website http://www.cimb.com/index.php?ch=g2_aupg=g2_au_leadercat=bodtpt=cimb_group for CIMB Group CEO profile. Browese USQ website

Copland: 1900 through 1942 and Copland: Since 1943 :: Aaron Copland Book Report

Copland: 1900 through 1942 and Copland: Since 1943   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In their books: Copland: 1900 through 1942 and Copland: Since 1943, Aaron Copland and Vivian Perlis give a detailed account of the life of one of America’s most influential composers. The books are arranged similarly to the Shostakovich biography that our class reviewed earlier this semester. That is, through personal accounts by Copland himself along with accounts of Copland’s friends and acquaintances, the authors manage to paint an accurate and interesting picture detailing the life of the great composer. When combined, the two books recount Copland’s entire life, dividing it into two periods for the purpose of easier organization and reading.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copland was born in New York City in 1900. Copland had a large and loving family in New York. His childhood was comfortable, as his father owned a department store where Copland worked for much of his young life. Copland’s mother is described by the composer as "affectionate and a very nice mother to have" (pp. 18) Copland showed an early interest in music, and by the age of eleven, he had surpassed the knowledge of his older sister in the ways of the piano. As a child, he had taken lessons from his sister, but by eleven, he felt that he needed to consult an outside source in order to learn more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the age of eighteen, Copland graduated from high school. He pursued his interest in music and began to search for a teacher who could teach him musical harmony. Copland’s piano teacher suggested that he study under Rubin Goldmark who had a studio in Manhattan. Copland found Goldmark to be a very effective teacher. However, Copland and his piano teacher decided to part ways so that Copland could expand his horizons. Under Goldmark, Copland learned very effective methods of composition, but sometimes felt bogged down. Goldmark did not approve of some of Copland’s interest in the more modern musical works, and Copland found this frustrating. After composing a number of "Sonata-form" musical pieces with Goldmark, Copland decided he needed a change of scenery. In 1921, Copland decided to study in France. Even as Copland left his old teacher, Goldmark stressed his traditional ideals. Before Copland’s departure, Goldmark wrote: "I hope you will ma ke more progress in the Sonata form†¦Even if you should fall into the hands of some radicals."(pp. 35)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In France, Copland found a new teacher in Nadia Boulanger.

Sourav Ganguly

Sourav Chandidas Ganguly (About this sound pronunciation (help ·info); born 8 July 1972) is a former Indian cricketer, and captain of the Indian national team. Presently he is cricket commentator and President of Editorial Board with Wisden India[1]. Born into an affluent Brahmin family, Ganguly was introduced into the world of cricket by his elder brother Snehasish. He is regarded as one of India's most successful captains in modern times. [2] He started his career by playing in state and school teams.Currently, he is the 5th highest run scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and was the 3rd person in history to cross the 10,000 run landmark, after Sachin Tendulkar and Inzamam Ul Haq. Wisden ranked him the sixth greatest one day international batsman of all time, next to Viv Richards, Sachin Tendulkar, Brian Lara, Dean Jones and Michael Bevan. [3] After a series of playing in different Indian domestic tournaments such as the Ranji and Duleep trophies, Ganguly got his big-break wh ile playing for India on their tour of England. He scored 131 runs and cemented his place in the Indian team.Ganguly's place in the team was assured after successful performances in series against Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Australia, winning the Man of the Match awards. In the 1999 Cricket World Cup, he was involved in a partnership of 318 runs with Rahul Dravid, which remains the highest overall partnership score in the World Cup tournament history. Due to the match-fixing scandals in 2000 by other players of the team, and for his poor health, Indian captain Sachin Tendulkar resigned his position, and Ganguly was made the captain of the Indian cricket team.He was soon the subject of media criticism after an unsuccessful stint for county side Durham and for taking off his shirt in the final of the 2002 Natwest Trophy. He led India into the 2003 World Cup final, where they were defeated by Australia. Due to a decrease in individual performance, he was dropped from the team in the follo wing year. Ganguly was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004, one of India's highest civilian awards. He returned to the National team in 2006, and made successful batting displays.Around this time, he became involved in a dispute with Indian team coach Greg Chappell over several misunderstandings. Ganguly was again dropped from the team, however he was selected to play in the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Ganguly joined the Kolkata Knight Riders team as captain for the Indian Premier League Twenty20 cricket tournament in 2008. The same year, after a home Test series against Australia, he announced his retirement from international cricket. He continued to play for the Bengal team and was appointed the chairman of the Cricket Association of Bengal's Cricket Development Committee.The left-handed Ganguly was a prolific One Day International (ODI) batsman, with over 11,000 ODI runs to his credit. He is one of the most successful Indian Test captains to date, winning 21 out of 49 test matches. Soura v Ganguly is the most successful Indian test captain in overseas with 11 wins. [4] An aggressive captain, Ganguly is credited with having nurtured the careers of many young players who played under him, and transforming the Indian team into an aggressive fighting unit.

Blanche of Castile, Queen of France

Blanche of Castile, Queen of France Dates: March 4, 1188 - November 12, 1252 Known for: Queen of France, 1223-1226; Queen Mother 1226-1252regent of France 1226-1234 and 1248-1252queen consort of King Louis VIII of Francemother of King Louis IX of France (St. Louis) Also known as: Blanche De Castille, Blanca De Castilla About Blanche of Castile:Â   In 1200, the French and English kings, Philip Augustus and John, signed a treaty which gave a daughter of Johns sister, Eleanor, Queen of Castile, as bride to Philips heir, Louis. Johns mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, traveled to Spain to look over her two granddaughters, daughters of Eleanor of England and King Alfonso VIII. She decided that the younger, Blanche, was more suited for the marriage than the year-older Urraca. Eleanor of Aquitaine returned with the 12-year-old Blanche, who was married to the 13-year-old Louis. Blanche as Queen Accounts of the time indicate that Blanche loved her husband. She delivered twelve children, five of whom lived to adulthood. In 1223, Philip died, and Louis and Blanche were crowned. Louis went to southern France as part of the first Albigensian crusade, to suppress the Cathari, a heretical sect that had become popular in that area. Louis died of dysentery which he contracted on the trip back. His last order was to appoint Blanche of Castile as the guardian of Louis IX, their remaining children, and the kingdom. Mother of the King Blanche had her oldest surviving son crowned as Louis IX on November 29, 1226. She put down a revolt, reconciling (in a story with chivalric tones) with Count Thibault, one of the rebels. Henry III supported the rebelling barons, and Blanches leadership, with the help of Count Thibault, put down that revolt as well. She also took action against ecclesiastical authorities and a group of rioting university students. Blanche of Castile continued in a strong role even after Louis 1234 marriage, taking an active role in selecting his bride, Marguerite of Provence. Granted dower lands in Artois as part of the original treaty that brought her to her marriage, Blanche was able to trade those lands for ones closer to Louis court in Paris. Blanche used some of her dower income to pay dowries for poor girls, and to fund religious houses. Regent When Louis and his three brothers all went on crusade to the Holy Land, Louis selected his mother, at age 60, to be regent. The crusade went badly: Robert of Artois was killed, King Louis captured, and his very pregnant Queen Marguerite and, then, her child, had to seek safety in Damietta and Acre. Louis raised his own ransom, and decided to send his surviving two brothers home while remaining in the Holy Land. Blanche, during her regency, backed an ill-fated shepherds crusade, and had to order the destruction of the resulting movement. Death of Blanche Blanche of Castile died in November, 1252, with Louis and Marguerite still in the Holy Land, not to return until 1254. Louis never accepted Marguerite as the strong advisor his mother had been, despite Marguerites efforts in that direction. Blanches daughter, Isabel (1225 - 1270) was later recognized as Saint Isabel of France. She founded the Abbey of Longchamp, connected with the Franciscans and Poor Clares. Marriage, Children husband: Louis VIII of France (married 1200)children who survived to adulthood (of 12):1214: Louis IX, fifth child, first to survive1216: Robert, Count of ArtoisAlphonse of PoitiersSaint Isabel of FranceCharles of Anjou (Charles I of Sicily) Ancestors Father: Alfonso VIII of CastileMother: Eleanor, Queen of Castile (also known as Eleanor of England)Eleanor was the daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine

An Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

An Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis testing is a topic at the heart of statistics. This technique belongs to a realm known as inferential statistics. Researchers from all sorts of different areas, such as psychology, marketing, and medicine, formulate hypotheses or claims about a population being studied. The ultimate goal of the research is to determine the validity of these claims. Carefully designed statistical experiments obtain sample data from the population. The data is in turn used to test the accuracy of a hypothesis concerning a population. The Rare Event Rule Hypothesis tests are based upon the field of mathematics known as probability. Probability gives us a way to quantify how likely it is for an event to occur. The underlying assumption for all inferential statistics deals with rare events, which is why probability is used so extensively. The rare event rule states that if an assumption is made and the probability of a certain observed event is very small, then the assumption is most likely incorrect. The basic idea here is that we test a claim by distinguishing between two different things: An event that easily occurs by chance.An event that is highly unlikely to occur by chance. If a highly unlikely event occurs, then we explain this by stating that a rare event really did take place, or that the assumption we started with was not true. Prognosticators and Probability As an example to intuitively grasp the ideas behind hypothesis testing, we’ll consider the following story. It’s a beautiful day outside so you decided to go on a walk. While you are walking you are confronted by a mysterious stranger. â€Å"Do not be alarmed,† he says, â€Å"this is your lucky day. I am a seer of seers and a prognosticator of prognosticators. I can predict the future, and do it with greater accuracy than anyone else. In fact, 95% of the time I’m right. For a mere $1000, I will give you the winning lottery ticket numbers for the next ten weeks. You‘ll be almost sure of winning once, and probably several times.† This sounds too good to be true, but you are intrigued. â€Å"Prove it,† you reply. â€Å"Show me that you really can predict the future, then I’ll consider your offer.† â€Å"Of course. I can‘t give you any winning lottery numbers for free though. But I will show you my powers as follows. In this sealed envelope is a sheet of paper numbered 1 through 100, with heads or tails written after each of them. When you go home, flip a coin 100 times and record the results in the order that you get them. Then open the envelope and compare the two lists. My list will accurately match at least 95 of your coin tosses.† You take the envelope with a skeptical look. â€Å"I will be here tomorrow at this same time if you decide to take me up on my offer.† As you walk back home, you assume that the stranger has thought up a creative way to con people out of their money. Nevertheless, when you get back home, you flip a coin and write down which tosses give you heads, and which ones are tails. Then you open the envelope and compare the two lists. If the lists only match in 49 places, you would conclude that the stranger is at best deluded and at worse conducting some sort of scam. After all, chance alone would result in being correct about one half of the time. If this is the case, you would probably change your walking route for a few weeks. On the other hand, what if the lists matched 96 times? The likelihood of this occurring by chance is extremely small. Due to the fact that predicting 96 of 100 coin tosses is exceptionally improbable, you conclude that your assumption about the stranger was incorrect and he can indeed predict the future. The Formal Procedure This example illustrates the idea behind hypothesis testing and is a good introduction to further study. The exact procedure requires specialized terminology and a step by step procedure, but the thinking is the same. The rare event rule provides the ammunition to reject one hypothesis and accept an alternate one.

Socrates's wisdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socrates's wisdom - Essay Example In these regards, Socrates is indicated to give physical or scientific descriptions for things that are generally understood to be established through the works of the gods. As a response to these accusations Socrates indicates that he is innocent and goes about establishing his innocence through a number of rhetorical stories and speeches. One of the first such rhetorical strategies Socrates implements is through his story regarding Chaerephon and the oracle. Socrates had earlier been accused of teaching the Athenian youth that elements in the world had physical explanations despite their generally being attributed to the gods. In response to these accusations, Socrates indicates that he is innocent as such knowledge is the domain of the Sophists. Instead, Socrates relays a story about his friend Chaerephon who goes to visit the Delphi Oracle. When he entered the Oracle he asked it if there was anyone alive more wise than Socrates. The oracle responded that there wasn’t. Upon learning of this information Socrates became confused, as he did not believe that he was particularly wise. Subsequently, Socrates went around asking and questioning people he had previously thought wise.

Analysis of Galanin Using Mass Spectrometry Essay

Analysis of Galanin Using Mass Spectrometry - Essay Example It is reported that obese human beings have been observed to have high levels of serum galanin; this suggests that peripheral galanin has a role to play in the regulation of balance of energy and that high circulating galanin levels are a contributing factor to the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic impairments. In their findings, they report that high levels of galanin in the serum can help regulate body weight, metabolic rate and carbohydrate-lipid metabolism through a mechanism that does not depend on the feeding regulation Galanin may also be responsible for high altitude induced anorexia. Singh et al. (2001) carried out studies on the roles played by galanin and neuropeptide Y in high altitudes in food uptake. Male Sprague-Drawley rats were exposed to conditions mimicking those at a high altitude of 7620 meters for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days for a six-hour period each day and to an altitude of 6096 meters for a continuous 72 hours to study the effects of intermittent and continuous exposure. Galanin and neuropeptide Y levels were estimated in various parts of the brain and plasma of exposed and unexposed rats. They found that plasma galanin levels decreased in both groups of rats. They asserted that the changes in the levels of galanin may be responsible for anorexia at high altitudes. Galanin signaling occurs through three G protein-coupled receptors. After mucosal stomach biopsies, the galanin can be analyzed using mass spectrometry. The technique Mass spectrometry involves measuring the mass of a compound, this with very high sensitivity. Mass spectrometers require molecules to be charged and in gaseous form for analysis. Peptide molecules in galanin being large and polar, are not easily transferred into the gas phase and ionised. Electrospray (ES) Fenn et al (1989) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Karas and Hillenkamp (1988) are the ionization techniques that are used to transform the galanin into the gas-phase. Mass spectrometers measure the mass/charge ratio (m/z) of analytes. Mass spectrometry and MS/MS is applied in protein study as it makes use of the large array of genome and protein data stored in databases. The lists of peak intensities and mass-to-charge (m/z) values produced by a mass spectrometer can be processed and compared with lists generated from the theoretical digestion of a protein or the theoretical fragmentation of a peptide. Mass spectroscopy makes use of the fact that many protein molecules can be adequately displayed on a single gel. This technology was developed in the 1970s, as noted by Klose (1975) and O’Farrell (1975). Identification of the spots separated on these gels remained laborious and was limited to the most abundant proteins until the 1990s, when biological mass spectrometry had developed into a sufficiently sensitive and robust technique. In the analysis of galanin using mass spectroscopy: 1. The galanin sample will undergo vaporisation to transform i t into a gaseous form. 2. The gaseous form will then be bombarded by an electron beam to generate ions. 3. The generated ions are them separated depending on their mass-to-charge ratio by an electromagnetic field in an analyser. The analyser can be Time of Flight (TOF) or a quadruple ion trap. 4. The ions are detected. 5. The ion signal is processed into mass spectra. Ionization techniques 1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation MALDI Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) employs the use of an excess of matrix material. This matrix is precipitated with the analyte molecules (the analyte contains the galanin molecules to be analysed) by placing a very small volume of the mixture onto a metal substrate and allowing it to dry. This solid is then

Ethical Issues in Packaging practices Research Paper

Ethical Issues in Packaging practices - Research Paper Example The main aim of any business is to maximize their profit margin and for this they adopt any strategy available. The main unethical steps taken by entrepreneurs’ to mislead the customer to achieve their motive are taken under view. The marketing efforts made the consumers aware about what a certain company or organization can offer them. When talking about marketing, the first concept that is imparted is that of the 4 Ps. These Ps all signify a separate area; product, price, placement, promotion. However, the more modern teachers of the marketing concept talk about a 5th P, which is the packaging. The fact that packaging has been included in the P goes on to show how important a part of the marketing effort really is (Ayub, 2013). Probably no words are required to explain what packaging is but simply put into words, it is the material use to pack the final product. When talking about packaging in marketing context, it refers not only to the material that is used for packaging but also how that packaging appears to consumers. The outlook of the final product in most cases is dependent on the packaging rather than the product itself. In that aspect, packaging is very important because there are a large proportion of the consumers that buy a product based on how it looks. Ethics are the moral principles or bases that guide the decision making for anything. Before the buyer uses the product what makes him purchase is the packaging of the product which motivates him to pay for it leaving the other same purpose serving products. The article discusses the various ethical issues found in packaging practices by business practitioners. Environmental Paradigm It is a clear fact that not all business fully comply with the societal and environmental ethics that exist in a society. These issues could be local or international and affect the businesses as well as their workplaces. Since there are no specific guidelines for business ethics, it becomes difficult for companies to actually satisfy the customers’ and the workers’ needs related to ethical issues. Every person, every organization or every entity has different ethical standards and sometimes they are so vague that it becomes difficult to meet and understand them. In order to meet these stan dards, organizations often suffer from losses or minimize their profits so as to create a balance between the two factors that are business ethics and business profits (Bone & Corey, 2000). Compromising on profits in the short run has never proved detrimental for any business; it always provides the company with doubled revenues in the long run. Some of the major issues include bribery, gender discrimination, child labour, not paying enough to workers and product packaging etc. The issue that will be focused in this essay is of product packaging. A number of companies intentionally remove the details of the side effects of their product packages while there are some companies that run certain environment specific tests such as animal testing etc. for example; The Body Shop sells only those products that are not animal tested. According to them they sell only vegetarian friendly i.e. natural products. This has created a competitive advantage for the company and ethically sensitive pe ople prefer it over other cosmetic brands. However, a number of other companies are indulging in such practices in order to maintain their customer base (Laczniak, 1983). Packaging Canvas According to a research analyst, the packaging issues of different products are different for the three important groups that are related to the product. First being the packaging professional,

Points of Sale Essay Example for Free

Points of Sale Essay 2.1 INTRODUCTION The data collection used as references to gain information during the research conducted. This literature reviews discuss about the information gathered by reading journals and websites. It explains several important terms being used in developing a Student Information Management System. While, project methodology is methods or technique used to complete this project. This chapter covers the related literature and brief analogy of the proposed study which was used as a basis of reference. The theory, concepts, and principles used in analyzing the research were also tackled in the later part of this chapter of the study. The Review of related literature and studies are highly important in appreciating the difference between the past research and the proposed research. Making it useful in formulating more rational explanation in conducting the study and separating concepts that are closely related with both studies. 2.2 LOCAL LITERATURE The proponents included local literatures that would sustain the development of the proposed system. The proponents added reviews, write-ups, readings and studies related to the present study to the related to system determine the similarities and differences of the findings between the past and present studies. The Philippine Science High School Student Information Management System. These Student Information Management Systems are efficient in handling student data, any of which can be utilized by the school registrar of Philippine Science High School. A local variant of a student information system, the Student Record System (SRS) for Philippine Science High School – Central Mindanao Campus (PSHS-CMC), was developed by Taddie Fel L. Dagaerag and company (2002). SRS was designed to assist the registrar of PSHS-CMC but proper attention for the smooth transition from the previous system to the SRS was not given so the system encountered problems, which require major revisions. According to the school former registrar, Ms. Shiela M. Preagido (Registrar PSHS-CMC, year 2005), â€Å"†¦report on grade is not that usable, unless another program will be made that can copy grades from the summary grades sheets,† therefore, rendering the SRS unusable for the present. There are still insufficient services offered by any software solutions company in the Philippines that can provide the same kinds of functionality on a system with lower cost compared to foreign products. Such student information system would cost in the range from 75,000 pesos to 150,000 pesos. Although the Centre is Open Source software, maintenance and system upgrade will cost the school expensively than creating its own system. It is because of the limited capabilities of the schools own system administrators in handling the Centre and the absence of the services offered by the Miller Group in our country. Purchasing or maintaining an expensive student information system is extremely exorbitant. The Bulacan State University Student Information System Technology innovations had influenced mans work, from data processing, student transactions, research, planning, monitoring and even in medical operation of man’s body is now entrusted to computer technology. Bulacan State University (BSU) as one of the University in San Jose Delmonte Bulacan aims to be the center of excellence in education had recently made changes to some of its existing systems. The student information system of the university is now computerized, and other systems are on its way. This only show that they are coping with the latest technology. The Student Information System of Bulacan State University aims for an accurate, user friendly, efficient system that can help both the student and personnel for fast data processing of enrollment. Engr. Hediki Hashimoto, a Japanese volunteer headed the creation and conceptualization of the system. The information technology faculty from the College of Engineering and Arts and Sciences assisted him. The system that is web based uses PHP programming language with data stored in MySQL is run through the intranet of SSU. A dry-run for this automated student information was done last summer and the first semester of this school year. Offices affected with the automation were the registrar, cashier, accounting, and the Colleges of Education, Engineering, Arts and Sciences, Industrial Technology, Nursing and Graduate Studies. Feedbacks from the students were formulated when the first semester started. Over 75 % of them say that the automation process of enrollment was better compared with the old system. With the good result of the dry run the student information system will be finally implemented this 2nd semester. The Virgen de Guadalupe de Novaliches School Computerized Enrollment, Grading and Sectioning System. This is broader but at the same time more convenient compare to general objective of the current system. As for the specific objectives, the proposed system has the same objectives as the present system but will me using a server that will serve as the storage of the records the registered students, the student’s personal information and the student’s balance if any. This will be more secured and with ease of use as compare to the present system’s logbook and cabinet. Getting, updating and deleting information would also be easier for the proposed system and it will not consume a large amount of space as used by the current system. As for the advantages of the proposed system, the system will make the job of the Registrar easier and more accurate as for the recording of the student’s balance. Instead of making use of a logbook the proposed system will be using an automated storage that will provide proofs such as the previous transactions of the enrollees. With particular to the storage, the proposed system will be less space consuming and more secured for the storage will be automated and will be accessible only by authorized personnel. In the part of the enrollee, the registration process will be faster especially if the enrollee is an old student for the student doesn’t need to fill-up the form anymore instead the Registrar will only require the student’s student number. Moreover teachers will be able to generate reports such as list of students easily. The Ace Adrian Sandoval Registration System can trace what is the standing of the students. It is extremely useful in the school in the way of working processes of enrolling become much easy. The main goal of this type of research is to track student data within the database the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study frequencies, validation update of a student’s is highly accurate, and it does not gather the causes behind a situation. An inquiry of the student allows the admin weather the student is on track regarding to the school premises. The Morning Star Academy Foundation Scheduling System relies on their automatic creation of scheduling or timetable of the student; the school is able to update the queries of subject, time room and the availability of the teacher because of the user friendly of the system the admin can automatically understands the environment of the system. 2.3 Foreign Literature The proponents included literatures that would help in the development of the proposed system. The proponents added reviews, write-ups, readings and studies related to the present study to determine the similarities and differences of the findings between the past and present studies. The Ramapo Indian Hills High School which they call it The Studywiz Learning Environment, it is a secure online learning platform designed to work the way your school works. Teachers can spend more time teaching and less time on repetitive tasks, students are given the tools they need to succeed and parents too can take an active role in their child’s education. Studywiz connects teachers, students, parents and other members of the school community together whilst automating workflows within a personalized learning environment. Using rich media creation tools or off-the-shelf content, teachers can quickly build or tailor online learning activities, content and resources through a web browser to enable teaching and learning to continue anywhere, anytime. Teachers can engage students using the latest online tools and trends, including Podcasts, Blogs, eLockers, Learning Plans and personalized Learning Spaces. Parents too, can take an active role in their child’s education through the internet, and Studywiz. The Early College High school Student Information System provides schools with information to better understand how well their design and organization are serving students’ needs and resulting in reaching short- and long-term goals, including the earning of two years of college credit by high school graduation. The SIS continues to follow students after they leave early college high school and provides follow-up information to the school on the number of students who continue on to earn a four-year college degree. Schools use the system to monitor the progress of individual or groups of students or classes and to manage information on services and supports provided to students, including tutoring, mentoring, and counseling. The analyses provided by the system support professional development, program planning, and continuous school improvement. The SIS provides solid evidence that helps to sustain and expand funding, policy, and public support for early college high school. In order to obtain access to data on students, Policy Studies Associates contacts schools districts to secure agreement to participate in the SIS. Jobs for the Future works with postsecondary institution and district officials to gain approval for data transfer based on existing policies and requirements. EDSmart works with each institution’s or district’s research and evaluation unit to determine procedures for extracting, transforming, and transmitting district data to the SIS. Personal identity is protected by assigning each student a unique Student Information System number, which is assigned by EDSmart. Only this identifier, not student names or social security numbers, are visible and accessible to users of the SIS. Early college high schools and school districts supplying data on their students are the only ones that have access to individually identifiable student data. Districts are asked to update the data on students, preferably after each term. Information is collected on students enrolled in early college high school (beginning in fall 2002 through the 2008-2009 school year). Aggregated, district data is collected on non-early college counterparts for comparison purposes. Districts report data until the 2008-2009 school year. Postsecondary data collection will continue until 2013, at which point the SIS will be disposed of safely. Data records will be made available to districts for their students. The Early College High School Initiative’s SIS was developed in 2004 to capture and analyze early college high school data. SIS data provide evidence and documentation of student progress and include student demographics, high school and college courses, persistence and grade progression, state assessment results and post-early college enrollment in higher education. The data in the system offer a means for tracking student progress, improving instruction and student support, and helping students obtain a postsecondary degree. Edith Cowan University (ECU) is currently enrolling more than 5, 000 new students, which has been made easier with its Oracle-based online enrolment system. This has allowed ECU to substantially re-design its business processes. The system is known as the Edith Cowan University Web Enrolment System (ECUWES),and replaces traditional hard copy enrolment. According to the coordinator of Admission Support, Kerian Greenaway, the system offers immediacy and convenience of course enrolment via the Internet the technology in use was set up by Oracle in 1998, when ECU moved towards creating an innovative web-based enrolment and administrative system using Oracle database products. New enrolments using ECUWES are managed differently to re-enrolment on ECUWES. New enrolments are processed while the student is with an enrolment assistant, because there is a need to collect HECS and enrolment papers, as well as to familiarize students with the system. In terms of re-enrolment, the student has full control of enrolling in a six-week period, which allows for any small glitches in the system, such as not being able to get online.ECU also previously faced difficulties with managing student enrolment administration, as staffs were distributed across several locations, so there was a desire for improved access and management of student information. Similarly, re-enrolment required students to travel to the University and queue for service from administration staff. Faculties also requested that students enroll by porting enrolment sheets on computer bulletin boards. With ECUWES, students from remote areas and international students enjoy easy enrolment with improved time effectiveness. There have been no major problems, apart from a few power failures, but ECU has back-up plans, such as enrolment assistants taking up all the paperwork and processing the information once back online. Illinois Virtual High School Inquiry This online inquiry gives detailed information on persons that can be contacted with regard to specific field; example is a general program Issues, Technical Problems, Faculty Information and course development. It also gives information about their regional coordinators for participating schools. The website has a login feature where the students can login using their login ID. The online inquiry system of Illinois High School helps the authors to picture out and develop an ideal database structure for the system that will be proposed. The proponents system is similar and is based on some capabilities of the system in this study like the inquiry of courses and login feature for the students. A web-based enrollment system is developed to help both the old and new students, to enroll in a more efficient way without the hassles of waiting long hours just to fill up forms, which sometimes become redundant, or to stand in line and pay at the cashier. It is with the Web-based Enrollment System for VPS that this new style of enrollment may be achieved. This new type of system offers the student with new options for enrolling at VPS. Just by logging on to their website the student may create his new account for the current year he is to be enrolled in. With this, all the student has to do is to fill up certain forms that do not take more than a few minutes to accomplish. Then the records will be stored in the school database for future references. After that the student will be given confirmation that the transaction has been verified and all that the student has to do is visit the school and pay appropriate amount for the current school year. The student may also browse the web site of VPS and he can check his current account. He can also see the list of the school current tuition fee rates. For further enhancement of the site, an on-line payment or e-commerce is highly recommended. This feature for the system could be achieved by collaboration of the school with banks to provide easier payment and a more secure transaction. Posting of grades can also be a great addition to the site. Especially the breakdown of each grade can be seen by the students but with utmost security. Compared to the web-based enrollment system for VPS, the proposed system for CMI would only cover the current students; the student would also be asked to log into his or her account in the website where he/she would be asked to fill up some forms to update the school’s database. A confirmation would then be sent to the student that would inform him/her that the transaction is valid and had been verified. But unlike the system, there would be another option for the mode of payment that the student could choose from namely, on-line payment. AIMS enhances enrollment system of UNO-R Bacolod